The Darkness and the Light of American Relations

The United States, which was liberated from British slavery in the eighteenth century was initially the equivalent of a small European country of only thirteen states. The third American president, Jefferson, who was an intelligent and adventurous man of evil, took advantage of the bloody war between Britain and France. At the time, Napoleon was leading the French forces and was facing a severe shortage of financial resources. There were large French colonies in the American region, which Napoleon sold to the United States at the suggestion of President Jefferson, which turned American territory into a continent. The process of buying large territories continued later, and despite the Cold War, the United States bought Alaska from the Russian rulers, who are now the 51st state in the United States and the largest in the world.

Initially, the Americans were an isolated nation by nature. The United States remained completely indifferent to World War I, and the League of Nations, which came into being to establish world peace at its end, also remained indifferent to its formation, which ultimately failed. During World War II, US President Rose Welt decided to withdraw from Kuchhar and became a backbone of the Allies despite fierce internal opposition. Hitler, who had conquered much of Europe and set out on a campaign to subdue Russia suffered the worst defeat.

Japan also had to surrender to American power, and the United States, which a few years earlier had overtaken other world powers in building an atomic bomb, dropped nuclear bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima intoxicated with power, killing millions of Japanese. Given Thus, American interest in world affairs has been useful in many respects and in some respects somewhat dangerous. Useful in the sense that Britain, which had been firing on the position of superpower for a century, lost its momentum and was forced to liberate its colonies, of which India was at the forefront.

The second benefit was that the balance of world power shifted from Europe to the United States, which seemed to be the guardian of human freedoms. But the greatest loss was the use of nuclear power for the first time in human history, which led to the mass destruction of mankind. The disadvantage is that the United States has accidentally become the leader of the United Nations, which has a very limited knowledge of the history, psychology, political trends, and cultural values ​​of most nations and has little depth and foresight in its diplomacy. With this little glance, many tribulations have arisen and the path to world peace has been paved from time to time.

Until the beginning of 1923, the United States were almost unaware of the political turmoil in the Indian subcontinent and the emerging separatist movement within the Muslim nation. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1886, was a major political party and was somewhat known in Britain and the United States for Mahatma Gandhi's ideology of non-violence. ۔ For the first time, a British author, Claudine Tyne, wrote in her book that "70 million Muslims in India is one nation in all respects and the government should consider them as one nation."

 Muhammad Ali Jinnah was introduced to the West as a leader when he attended the Round Table Conference in London on November 12, 1930, and his account was published in the Times of London with a picture of Quaid-e-Azam. The newspaper also acknowledged in its analysis that the religious and social differences between Hindus and Muslims are very deep.

About ten years later, the same newspaper wrote in its February 25, 1940 edition that Muslims were the best part of the Indian Army; therefore, Britain would not be able to offend them and would have to respect their national sentiments. Two years later, the correspondent of the same newspaper, Bradt Mathews, paid a detailed visit to India and wrote in his report: Maybe. "

Things were changing at an extraordinary pace these days and at the end of World War II, an agreement was reached between British Prime Minister Churchill and US President Rose Welt that the colonies would soon be liberated. In the elections that took place in England, the Labor Party won and Mr. Italy was elected Prime Minister, who was more in favor of immediate liberation of the colonies than Churchill.

The US State Department had started monitoring the political situation in India and now the subcontinent was becoming the center of its interest. In this regard, the important American diplomats had important and far-reaching meetings with the Father of the Nation between May and July 1947, which were mentioned by Mr. M. S. Katramani has done this in his book "American Role in Pakistan". Quaid-i-Azam had assured the State Department officials that a free and independent Pakistan would be in the interest of the United States because Muslims would be able to fight the Russian aggression unitedly.

He also emphasized on the basic point that the establishment of Pakistan was of key importance in protecting the Middle East from Hindu imperialism. In a press briefing in Delhi in July 1947, Quaid-i-Azam said of Pakistan's foreign policy: "The new state will be the best friend of all nations. We want peace in the world and we will do our best in this regard. ”As time went on, the United States came closer to Pakistan.

On August 7, 1947, the nominated Governor-General of Pakistan left Delhi for Karachi; the US Ambassador to India was present at the airport to bid him farewell. When Quaid-e-Azam was sworn in as Governor-General on August 15, 1947, the United States was the first country to recognize Pakistan and the largest US delegation to attend the Independence Day celebrations. In the context of this growing closeness, the statement made by Quaid-e-Azam to the well-known American journalist Margaret Lork White about America is a manifestation of a great reality even today. He said that the United States needs Pakistan more than Pakistan needs the United States. Pakistan is the hub of the world in terms of location.

At the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, and soon after, in the race to increase their influence, the Cold War broke out between them. The United States was advancing as the leader of the "free world" while Russia was surrounded by an "iron curtain" and its leadership was desperately trying to impose a communist way of life through bloody revolutions. ۔ He conquered most of the countries of Eastern Europe. This was the time when the establishment of Pakistan had entered its final stage and the father of the nation had to make the basic decision on how to strike a balance between the two superpowers.

The Quaid-e-Azam was clearly seeing that relations with the United States could be established based on mutual respect and human freedom, and that cooperation could be sought to establish the new state on its feet; so he sent Abul Hassan in September 1946. Isfahani and Begum Zakia Shahnawaz were sent to the United States to effectively respond to the Indian National Congress' poisonous propaganda that Muslims are reactionary and that their women are cut off from the political process and completely unaware of their rights.

He was also given the task of making it clear that the new state would have neither theocracy nor tolerance; rather, all citizens would enjoy full political and religious freedom. The Quaid-e-Azam also held discussions with various American journalists. As a result of these efforts, when Quaid-e-Azam was sworn in as Governor-General of Pakistan, US President Truman sent the following congratulatory message that laid the foundation for future relations:

"I want to assure you that Pakistan will begin its journey with strong friendship and goodwill from the United States. The American government and people look forward to a long, close, and cordial ceremony from your country. We are happy for you and hope that Pakistan will make rapid progress for the welfare of its people. We look forward to seeing the new country play a constructive role in global affairs for human well-being. ”

In response to this message, the Governor-General of Pakistan sent the following message:

The Government of Pakistan, the people and I have been deeply moved by the passionate message of good wishes and congratulations you have sent to the Government of Pakistan on behalf of the American people. We cherish the feelings of friendship and goodwill. I have no doubt in my mind that this is the beginning of a long and close and cordial relationship between the United States and Pakistan. ”

Quaid-e-Azam appointed his long-time trusted colleague Abul Hassan Isfahani as Ambassador to the United States who presented nomination papers to US President Truman on October 8, 1947, and called for strengthening Pakistan's economy, educational development and raising people's living standards. ۔ On this, the US President assured cooperation in various fields.

The financial situation of the new kingdom was very bad. It did not even have the money to pay the army and government employees. India withheld huge sums of money from Pakistan. In such a situation Nizam Hyderabad Deccan extended a helping hand and Mr. Abul Hassan Isfahani also worked with great selflessness. To deal with the difficult situation, Quaid-i-Azam sent Mir Laiq Ali Khan, a well-known industrialist from Hyderabad Deccan, as his special envoy to the United States, who formally requested  2billion in aid for Pakistan's defense and administrative needs. That request was rejected and only  10million was provided for the rehabilitation of the refugees. It was the beginning of a love that went on and on and on and on and on and on.

In contrast, the behavior of the second superpower, the Soviet Union, was hostile from the beginning. Russian leaders have called Quaid-e-Azam a pro-British and anti-British politician. The Russians believed that the Muslim League's goal was to prevent India from becoming independent. Instead of sending a message of good wishes to the establishment of Pakistan, the Soviet Union called Pakistan an "artificial state". In response, the Quaid-e-Azam criticized Russia's attitude, saying that Afghanistan had opposed Pakistan's membership of the United Nations at Russia's urging.

He was fully aware that Pakistan, a Muslim country, has no place for communism. Despite this belief, he pursued cordial relations with Russia and refrained from declaring the Communist Party an illegal party. At his direction, Foreign Minister Sir Zafar A. Khan met with Russia's Deputy foreign minister on April 13, 1948, and it was decided to appoint ambassadors to the two countries, which had been stalled for some time.

 The reason for this was that Russia had been demanding the opening of a liaison office of the Russian embassy in Peshawar, which was unacceptable to Pakistan because of the rise of Pakhtunistan. Thirteen months after the formation of Pakistan, Pakistan appointed its ambassador to Russia and established trade relations.

Due to Russia's hostile attitude, Pakistan had no choice but to establish closer ties with the United States. Quaid-e-Azam sent Malik Feroz Khan Noon on a tour of Muslim countries to introduce Pakistan to the Middle East. He assured the US ambassador to Turkey that Pakistan's Muslims were opposed to communism while India had appointed Mrs. Pandit, sister of Prime Minister Nehru, as ambassador to Moscow. Russia has no ambassador to Pakistan due to sharp ideological differences.

 In this way, Pakistan can become a market for the United States; therefore, financial and defense cooperation with it is very important. He also said that Pakistan's security was threatened by Russia and India, which have formed a political alliance.

A few years later, a defense agreement was reached between the United States and Pakistan, and to prevent the invasion of communism, the Santo and Seto agreements came into being, in which Pakistan was of primary importance. Later came many critical stages and earthquakes in Pak-US relations, the tremors of which are still being felt with great intensity.

 If we have a proper understanding of the nature of these relations, then Pakistan-US relations can flourish on a strong footing. When Pakistan was in the process of formation, the biggest attraction for the United States was the Pakistani army, which had the immense potential to stand up to communism.

He was convinced that the Muslims of Pakistan and its army could be great allies of the "free world". Allama Iqbal had also said in his historic Allahabad sermon that the establishment of a Muslim state within India would pave the way for communism. Based on this analysis, we can say that the first US priority in Pakistan is our armed forces. Previously, they were equipped with nails to fight communism and now they are playing a very important role in the fight against global terrorism.

 More importantly, their cooperation is key to the safe withdrawal of coalition forces from Afghanistan. The second US priority in Pakistan is to ensure nuclear non-proliferation. He fears that terrorists' access to nuclear weapons could wreak havoc; therefore, Pakistan's armed forces are being specially trained to do so, and General Qadwai has been in command and control for the past 13 years. The charges are coming. Its third priority is to eradicate terrorism from North Waziristan.

The CIA has set up a vast network for this purpose. Top Pakistani officials say that under President Zardari, 400 Americans were issued visas without intelligence clearance, including Raymond Davis. Was included. To eradicate extremism, the United States has to change Pakistan's curriculum and promote American culture. To achieve this goal, investments are being made in education and the media. Its top priority now is Afghanistan, which has been beset by insurgency for 12 years and is spending more than 20 billion a year.

The defense structure that has been established in the meantime seems unsustainable; however, the withdrawal of coalition forces from there will begin in mid-2014 and the withdrawal will be from Pakistani soil. Naturally, the United States will seek Pakistan's full cooperation in the safe withdrawal of US forces and subsequent peace in Afghanistan. Its fifth priority is to give India a leadership role in Southeast Asia and to involve it in the affairs of Afghanistan as well. 

The people of Pakistan are probably not among the top priorities of the United States, but there is a growing global awareness that ignorance, hunger, poverty, unemployment and disease are major threats to world peace and effective practical measures to address them. The United Nations is doing a lot of humanitarian work and the United States is spending billions of dollars on social and educational development in less developed countries. Decades later, he has realized that as important as the military is in developing countries, so important are the people.

 He is amazed that the people in the country where he spends dollars turn against him. With this in mind, he passed the Kerry-Lugar Act for Pakistan in 2009, which for the first time approved economic aid equivalent to military aid to raise the living standards of the people. The use of economic aid through NGOs has led to another riot, with 50 percent of service charges being spent and very little for the public. This has fueled anti-American sentiment, and the US establishment has He took steps that caused a rift in Pak-US relations and created a world of conflict. The intelligence sharing between the two countries first broke down in 2009, then merged with the ISI and the CIA. 

The US Establishment's Abbottabad operation then sparked a storm of anti-US sentiment across Pakistan and the US military's attack on the Salala check post set the geometry of common interests on fire. For the past two years, Pak-US relations have been strained and there has been a horrific quietness.

The Prime Minister of Pakistan had only gone to Washington to mend broken ties; therefore, after much deliberation, he set the national agenda for the talks and did not form a fresh team. He even used unnecessary hesitation in appointing an ambassador to the United States. His diplomatic team proved so weak that when the Prime Minister went to New York to address the United Nations, he could not arrange a meeting with the US President, while the Indian Prime Minister met with President Obama on the same visit. Due to the incompetence of our Foreign Ministry, the Prime Minister had to go back to the United States after spending millions after eight to ten days, even though the date of the meeting was not fixed.

On the afternoon of October 23, Mr. Nawaz Sharif met with the President of the United States. This date was then set for the last time for the Prime Minister of Pakistan. All of this led to a strong sense of incompetence and disrespect from others. Despite the inaction of the government, Mr. Nawaz Sharif stated Pakistan's position at every forum; raised the issue of Kashmir and demanded an end to drone strikes; demanded access to Pakistani products to US markets He also expressed the need for cooperation while taking full care not to hurt the watermelons as the main purpose was to turn the cold seal into warmth.

 They went not to take anything but to mend broken relationships. In this, he succeeded to a great extent. Their meeting has created an atmosphere of mutual trust and signs of renewed love.

As a result of meeting with high-ranking US officials and going out on his own to meet with John Kerry, the Prime Minister realized that much of the damage was done to his home and that we had made great mistakes. He also acknowledged his weaknesses as a true political leader and vowed that we would bring transparency in the entire political process and fix our home. He unabashedly spoke his heart out and talked to President Obama for two hours, answering his every question and request at the same time.

The Prime Minister emphasized that we want to promote trade rather than aid. Answer: America is already the biggest buyer of your product. Thankfully, no US official has asked how you can increase trade without the Secretary of Commerce. The clear answer to the question of drone strikes is that they cannot be stopped because they are a safe weapon against terrorism. Have status.

 He also apologized for mediating in the Kashmir dispute. In response to the release of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui, the issue of Shakeel Afridi, who is considered a hero by the United States, was raised. It also demanded that the Jamaat-ud-Dawa involved in the Mumbai terror attacks be banned and that Hafiz Muhammad Saeed is arrested.

The circles that had high expectations from the talks may have been somewhat disappointed; but good results have been achieved in restoring relations. The first piece of good news is that the Strategic Dialogue, which had been stalled for two and a half years was formally announced to resume in March 2014 and the working groups were identified.

 As a result of these dialogues, a mechanism will be established so that the process of cooperation in key areas will continue to work automatically. The other good news is that the United States has supported negotiations with the Taliban, based on which our Minister of Information and Broadcasting, Mr. Pervez Rashid, has announced that drone strikes will stop because if they continue, negotiations with the Taliban will result. Will not be able to prove.

The announcement reflects a major shift in US policy because, when General Pervez Musharraf's government signed a peace deal with militants in Waziristan in 2006, the United States expressed outrage. Progress The third good news is that 300 million has been paid for Coalition Sport, while military and economic aid under the Kerry-Lugar Act, which is more than 1.5 billion and has been suspended for two years, should also be released soon.

Foreign Adviser Mr. Sartaj Aziz also gave the good news that 1 billion has been promised for the development of the energy sector. With the accumulation of these funds in the public exchequer, the dollar will reach the level of one hundred rupees. The prices of petroleum products will be reduced. The burden of the people will certainly be reduced and the whole economy will be affected. Best of all, Mr. Nawaz Sharif was warmly welcomed at the official level. His visit was positively covered by the American and British media, and President Obama described it as a new chapter in friendship. It was clear that the United States attaches great importance to Pakistan as a strategic partner and aspires to see it as a secure, sustainable, prosperous, and democratic country.

Differences also arise in the relations between the two countries and the determination to work together is also reflected. This is a natural process and does not require much fuss. In our view, the issue of drone strikes is a very sensitive issue. The United States sees drones as a weapon of the future because its combat forces are afraid to take the field. In this context, it was not expected to announce its withdrawal from drones; but since Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif raised the issue, global pressure on the United States has been mounting. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon arrived in Islamabad in August 2013, calling the drone strikes a serious violation of international law. Amnesty International has listed him as a war criminal.

It is expected that drone strikes will be stopped or suspended for a long time by December this year. The Obama administration has been assessing global pressure since the talks, and there has been a flurry of public opinion. The permanent solution is for Pakistan to acquire drone technology, which can now be borrowed from the United States as well as China, and decide for itself which target to hit.

Similarly, Dr. Aafia Siddiqui will also be handed over to Pakistan after the exchange of prisoners between the United States and Pakistan. The US demand to prosecute Hafiz Mohammad Saeed is unacceptable because the Supreme Court of Pakistan has honorably acquitted him of all charges of terrorism. Dr. Shakeel Afridi's case is also pending in the courts; therefore, he cannot be extradited to the United States. Our Prime Minister could not say these things in a loud voice because he had to deal with the wounds and wounds in a very wise and polite manner.

The Prime Minister's visit to the US has given the impression that the Obama administration wants to impose India's views on Pakistan. Terrorism in Mumbai, cross-border militancy, the arrest of Hafiz Mohammad Saeed and ban on Jamaat-ud-Dawa is demands that India has been making for years and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh during his meeting with President Obama Was repeated In fact, despite the extraordinary importance of Pakistan to the United States, it refrained from assisting the new state even in the early stages of its difficulties.

When Finance Minister Malik Ghulam Mohammad made a formal request for 2 billion in aid for defense and administrative needs, it was rejected and only 10 million was provided for the rehabilitation of refugees, while about 6.7 million was lost. Leased families were coming in caravans and Pakistan's economy was faltering. In 1948, a war broke out between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir issue; an attempt was made to gain US support from Pakistan, but it failed and was subject to several sanctions.

As a major country, India has been important in US foreign policy. In 1962, there was a war between China and India; then the United States stockpiled arms in India. President Ayub Khan strongly protested the accusation and accused the United States of upsetting the balance of power in the region. It was on this sensitive issue that relations with the United States began to deteriorate; then the 1965 war made matters worse. The US had given arms to the Pakistani army to fight against communism and when it was used against India, it was very angry.

It cut off arms supplies to Pakistan during the Ghamsan war and had to accept a ceasefire. At the end of the war, President Ayub Khan went to Washington. In 1971, it was unable to serve Pakistan due to an internal insurgency in East Pakistan; but after the fall of East Pakistan, Indira Gandhi also wanted to subdue West Pakistan; then-President Nixon sent a message to India through Russia that the United States was Pakistan. Will provide full protection; a ceasefire was declared following the threat.

Until the 1990s, the United States preferred Pakistan to India; but the situation changed so much that Bill Clinton stayed in India for six days and in Islamabad for only six hours. President Obama visited India, grossly violating the tradition of giving equal importance to both countries; but he left Pakistan alone. Now he has accepted the invitation of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and hopes that he will come here soon to eat dal and qeema. The Americans are giving India the status of the leader of Southeast Asia.

There is no doubt that the United States, which was a defender of human freedoms and democratic values, is now being criticized around the world as a colonial power. Instead of balance and depth, its foreign policy smells of "deception, bloodshed, and monarchy"; but at the human and societal level, the United States is a radically different country. The United States has some of the best universities and educational institutions in the world, with millions of Muslim students pursuing higher education and exploring new inventions. There are a large number of bright and intelligent young people who have dreams in their eyes and there are innumerable facilities for their practical interpretation. Society is built on the pillars of individual freedom and rule of law, and countless nationalities are grateful to each other.

Large numbers of mosques have sprung up, and Islamic institutions of education and research is rapidly expanding into cities and towns, promoting interfaith harmony. Are The United States has reached this destination after severe trials.

The black population still suffers from a sense of inferiority; but the rise of Obama, who grew up in a black and Muslim family, has ushered in a new era in American history. It is also worth noting that the United States is rich in natural resources and its scientists can derive energy from trees and artificial leaves. Instead of hating America, we should look at both sides of the picture. Islam teaches peace and security which is spreading rapidly in America.

There is no prejudice in the society and culture of Europe. We should develop scholars who can talk to the people there in their idiom. Influenced by the Islamic system of equality, black people are embracing Islam. We must work hard in this field to lay a lasting foundation for the relationship. In history, the position of Imamate has been held by the same nation that has been leading the way in the wealth of knowledge, research, and fresh ideas. The same law of nature still applies today.

Mr. Nawaz Sharif has repeatedly said after he visits China and the United States that first, we have to look at our collars and fix our house. This is what they have been saying abroad. This feeling of their demands self-accountability and drastic internal reforms. Fixing the house means defeating terrorism; establishing merit and the rule of law; protecting the administrative structure from political and personal influences.

Dutiful and honest people should be appointed to higher positions; a uniform education system should be introduced and timely decisions should be taken through institutions.

The first requirement of all this is that the Prime Minister should spend more time in the country; make his political party active at the grassroots level and thereby prepare the people to play an important role. Whatever the reasons, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has spent more than a month out of the country during his five-month tenure and is lost in the air of Raiwind two and a half days a week. Their relationship with the media and opinion leaders is breaking down and their decision-making ability is fading.

They must first, correct themselves and focus on the issue of Afghanistan. Instead of relying on  2.5 billion in aid from the United States, they should ask foreign experts to rebuild Pakistan's entire communications system, which has crumbled over the past 12 years to supply NATO forces. How much will it cost? This estimate will in no way be less than a billion dollars. On this basis, the United States must be approached with the utmost seriousness and readiness.

 The 60 billion debt we owe is the result of our involvement in the war on terror. International public opinion will also support Pakistan's demand because it will be based on justice. Mr. Nawaz Sharif dares to take on this burden and dare to face the challenges. This boldness has impressed the US leadership and made Pakistan a very important strategic partner.

Also read: Understand the glycemic index